本篇文章给大家谈谈作用机制英文，以及作用机理英语怎么说对应的知识点，文章可能有点长，但是希望大家可以阅读完，增长自己的知识，最重要的是希望对各位有所帮助，可以解决了您的问题，不要忘了收藏本站喔。

1、什么是 rnai干扰？其作用机制是什么

rnai是指与靶基因同源的双链RNA诱导的特异转录后基因沉默现象。

其作用机制是双链RNA被特异的核酸酶降解，产生干扰小RNA(siRNA)，这些siRNA与同源的靶RNA互补结合，特异性酶降解靶RNA，从而抑制、下调基因表达。

RNA干扰编辑病毒基因、人工转入基因、转座子等外源性基因随机整合到宿主细胞基因组内，并利用宿主细胞进行转录时，常产生一些dsRNA。

它已经发展成为基因治疗、基因结构功能研究的快速而有效的方法。所属学科：生物化学与分子生物学（一级学科）、核酸与基因（二级学科）。

目前, RNAi的作用机制主要是在线虫、果蝇和拟南芥等生物体内阐明的。

生物体由于RNA病毒入侵、转座子转录、基因组中反向重复序列(inverted repeats)转录及外源基因导入等原因,细胞中可出现dsRNA分子。

当各种原因产生的dsRNA在细胞中出现时,细胞中组特定蛋白复合物可识别dsRNA。

此阶段需要Rde-1Rde-4和dsRNA特异性的核酸内切酶Dicer等共同参与Rde-1,4编码的蛋白识别并引导dsRNA与Dicer结合,然后Dicer将dsRNA解旋,再将其裂解为21-25nt大小的小干扰RNA。

扩展资料：

通过生化和遗传学研究表明，RNA干扰包括起始阶段和效应阶段(inititation and effector steps)。

在起始阶段，加入的小分子RNA被切割为21-23核苷酸长的小分子干扰RNA片段(small interfering RNAs, siRNAs)。

证据表明：一个称为Dicer的酶，是RNaseIII家族中特异识别双链RNA的一员，它能以一种ATP依赖的方式逐步切割由外源导入或者由转基因，病毒感染等各种方式引入的双链RNA。

在RNAi效应阶段，siRNA双链结合一个核酶复合物从而形成所谓RNA诱导沉默复合物(RNA-induced silencing complex, RISC)。

激活RISC需要一个ATP依赖的将小分子RNA解双链的过程。激活的RISC通过碱基配对定位到同源mRNA转录本上，并在距离siRNA3’端12个碱基的位置切割mRNA。

尽管切割的确切机制尚不明了，但每个RISC都包含一个siRNA和一个不同于Dicer的RNA酶。另外，还有研究证明含有启动子区的dsRNA在植物体内同样被切割成21-23nt长的片段。

参考资料：百度百科-RNA抗干扰机制

参考资料：百度百科-RNA干扰(RNAi)

参考资料：百度百科-RNA干扰

2、药理学英文

药理学英文：pharmacology是研究药物与机体相互作用及其规律和作用机制的一门学科。药理学pharmacology 主要指研究有关使用化学物质治疗疾病时引起机体机能变化机制的学问。

德国人施米德贝尔（O．schmiedeberg，1838—1921）首创的实验药理学成为近代药理学的基础。药物同毒物有时也难于严密区分，药理学实际上也以毒物为研究对象，因此把药理学中特别关于医药治疗方面的应用作为药物学（原意为药饵学），与以毒物为对象的毒物学（toxicology），相区别。

3、药物效应动力学英文

药物效应动力学英文Pharmacokinetics。

药物效应动力学简称药效学，研究药物对机体的作用及作用机制。药理效应包括治疗作用和不良反应，其机制涉及药物与靶分子的相互作用及其后续分子事件，如信号转导通路。药效学可为临床合理用药和新药研发奠定基础。

药物作用是指药物对机体的初始作用，是动因。药理效应是药物作用的结果，是机体反应的表现。由于二者意义接近，在习惯用法上并不严加区别。但当二者并用时，应体现先后顺序。

药理效应是机体器官原有功能水平的改变，功能提高称为兴奋，功能降低称为抑制。

多数药物是通过化学反应而产生药理效应的。这种化学反应的专一性使药物的作用具有特异性。例如，阿托品特异性地阻断毒蕈碱型胆碱受体M胆碱受体，而对其他受体影响不大。药物作用特异性的物质基础是药物的化学结构。

药物的作用还有其选择性，有些药物可影响机体的多种功能，有些药物只影响机体的一种功能，前者选择性低，后者选择性高。药物作用特异性强并不一定引起选择性高的药理效应，即二者不一定平行。

4、谁能帮我做一个地道的英文翻译？

Study on the Action Mechanism of Animal on the Seed Propagation of Sorbus Pohuashanensis

说明：这句的研究的对象首先是作用机制，什么的作用机制呢？就是动物对**的种实传播，所以我的翻译请放心

5、高分求助！英文翻译高手！

As the popular star image star image can be used to carry out propaganda and public relations. Publicity strategy star is on the basis of their market positioning, product positioning of the public, the public worship of the star and so on, employed at the invitation of suitable sports stars, art stars, society hero, celebrities and other public leaders to promote corporate image strategy. Because the star to the public, especially for young people with great public appeal, so the use of star publicity to raise awareness, expand sphere of influence to change the image, and so on goods of great significance, and often can create a sensation.

Modern society, products are excellent in quality and service for the protection of the premise, to recruit star publicity is a shortcut to market products, but also only adding fuel to the fire star, the product can be sold in the market. As long as the market for a little observation of modern society can be found: the well-known world-class products, often behind a world-class star. Unique star for publicity extraordinary influence of other advertising media are irreplaceable.

The role of star publicity strategy mechanism [1]

Star publicity strategy has been able to create a sensational effect of the market, its mechanism lies in the public worship of the star image. People have a "爱屋及乌" psychology of the transference. The public worship of the star's image will be transferred to favorite star recommended products. In this way, star images in the public relations campaign will have a special role.

Modern public worship for the star has a deep psychological basis. This is mainly manifested in the following four aspects:

2 star image to meet people's psychological needs for success. This has two main reasons:

1) star is able to have a higher social status and economic status is the result of their pursuit, the pursuit of each star has a success and the success of the history of the struggle, so that empathy will be able to meet the modern-style expectations of success but not the psychological desire to succeed, in this sense, star worship with "hero worship" of color.

2) It is the favorite star of the screen image of their play is often perseverance, courage, integrity, patience and kindness, rational restraint, wisdom, after the great disaster suffered typical success is the embodiment of social justice, such , star worship on the "ideal of worship," "belief in worship" is in the air.

3 star image that allows people to experience an extraordinary romantic love. In film and television works, allow the image of star posture is better, especially through the art packaging, the screen image of its extraordinary charisma more people through the theme of love, love of words (lyrics), love the rendering of the image can indirectly, the great taste of a mythical love, star and therefore prone to the illusion of an emotion. It can be said that the public worship of the young star of one of the major reasons.

4 star image to meet the modern pursuit of fashion, popular request, in line with the star image, the public seems to have a sense of the times and social dependence on a sense of pace to keep up with the times.

Star worship as people have a profound psychological basis, so that modern society is full of star worship thick atmosphere, stars and more stars and more mystery, "enthusiasts", and this is the modern society from a traditional society, one of the important features.

Star of publicity publicity strategy [1]

In public relations, publicity strategy planning star publicity, the key is to choose the right star, celebrities. In general, the enterprises engaged invited stars, celebrity publicity, mainly in the following ways:

1, to hire star, celebrities for corporate long-term employees of the special honor, the Ambassador of the image, brand spokesperson, corporate publicity, once a major task, with the consultation will be invited to star out propaganda. This long-term relationship, not only to strengthen the company's star effect, but also the establishment of enterprises and the emotional relationship between the star, thus creating the basis for a good star publicity.

2, planning, chaired celebrity star-funded activities such as clubs, which can promote the use of star image, but also to improve the business and the relationship between the star groups.

3, to employ a particular star to participate in the topic of public relations campaigns, so that they star in their own unique image to the public image of business information and referral.

4, use of the opportunities available to the stars, celebrities free products, the provision of services to enable them to use the products, promotional products imperceptibly. In such a form, stars, celebrities are customers, consumers appear, and thus more public relations effect.

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