Unit 15 汉译英

合句译法（一）：非谓语动词

非谓语动词：

一、-ing分词

二、-ed分词

三、不定式结构-等

一、-ing分词表示伴随状态

1.除夕晚上，一家人有吃有喝，说说笑笑，等着听新年的钟声。

On New Year’s Eve, the whole family eat and drink, chat and laugh, waiting for the strike of the bell of the new year.

2.游客在中国园林中徜徉，能真正享受到片刻安宁。

Strolling about the Chinese gardens, tourists may find themselves truly enjoying a moment of peace and relaxation.

或Tourists stroll about the Chinese gardens, finding themselves truly enjoying a moment of peace and relaxation.

3.长江是中国第一大河，从青藏高原上的雪山上发源，流经多个省市后入海。

The Yangtze River is the longest river in China, originating from the snow peaks of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, running across provinces until it flows into the sea.

恰当的链接手段串联意群plateau/ˈplætəʊ/高原n.

-ing分词表示结果

1.早在2000多年前，中国就开辟了三条“丝绸之路”，从陆上、海上连通亚欧非三大洲，开始了与其他国家的友好交往。

丝绸之路：the Silk Road

连通亚欧非：connect Asia, Europe and Africa.

友好交往：friendly exchanges/cultural exchanges文化交流

More than 2,000 years ago,China opened three routes of the Silk Road on land and sea, connecting Asia with Europe and Africa, and heralding an era of friendly exchanges with countries along the routes.

herald/ˈherəld/宣布，宣传；V. sydney morning herald悉尼先驱晨报

英语是三位一记位

2.风水法则是为了帮助人们求得好运，躲避灾难，从而改善生活水平。

The principles of

Feng Shui

are to help people pursue good fortune and avoid disaster, thus improving their living standard.

风水：Feng Shui 阴阳Yin Yang 功夫：Kongfu

3.加入世贸组织开阔了人们的视野，改变了人们的思想观念，大大增强了中国发展的内在动力。

The WTO membership has widened the horizon of our people, changed their way of thinking, thus ehhancing the inherent drive for China’s future development.

视野：horizon

思想观念：way of thinking

内在动力：inherent drive

世贸组织：WTO(World Trade Organization )

-ing 分词表示原因

中国古代没有生活用具，所以发明了陶器。

Lacking daily utensils,Chinese people invented ceramics.

ceramics /sɪˈræmɪks/制陶工艺

-ing 分词表示方式

展望中国的未来，我们充满信心。

Looking ahead, we are full of confidence in China’s future.

分词 连词

我们的祖先建造房屋时，就地取材，会把自然因素考虑在内。

When building houses, our ancestors made use of local materials and took the natural factors into consideration.

就地取材：make use of local materials

自然因素考虑在内：take the natural factors into consideration

独立主格

分词作非谓语规定-逻辑主语是主句的主语

主语和主句主语不一致：动词用ing表达，逻辑主语保持在它前面。

逻辑主语 分词

每天早上在公园里、广场上，甚至在马路边上都聚集着许多老人，有的在做操，有的在打拳，有的在跳舞，都在锻炼身体。

Every morning, many elderly people gather in the park, in the square, even along the streets, some doing exercises, some practicing boxing,some dancing, all exercising for health.

-ed分词

动作和主语之间的逻辑关系

动作是主语做的---ing分词：主谓关系

逻辑主语是动词的宾语—ed 分词：动宾关系

1.都姜堰建成于2300多年前，为四川人民带来的福祉绵延千年。

Built more than 2,300 years ago, Dujiangyan Dam has brought blessing to the people of Sichuan for thousands of years.

白色常常令人想到死亡， 所以在中国文化中多用于葬礼。

The color of white, often associated with death, is used in funerals in Chinese culture.

令人想到：be associated with…与…联系起来

-ing分词，-ed分词位置：句首，句中，句末

不定式—to do :表达目的

1.秦始皇坑杀反对者，焚烧秦朝前的书籍，消灭异端思想。

The First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty had his opponets executed and had the books before the Qin Dynasty burned to wipe any ideas in conflict with him.

秦始：the first Emperor of the Qin Dynasty

反对者：opponents

异端思想：heretics- heretical /həˈretɪk(ə)l/异端的ideas/the ideas that are in conflict with him

使…做…have sb.do/have sth.done

孟母三次搬迁，为孟子寻找合适的读书环境。

The mother of Mencius moved three times to find Mencius an appropriate environment to study.

上海要加快经济增长，成为国际大都市，必须关注全球发展动态。

To speed up the economic growth and become an international metropolis, Shanghai is to pay attention to the global developments.

大都市metropolis/məˈtrɒpəlɪs/

总结：非谓语动词连接汉语中的小句

-ing分词，-ed分词，不定式

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