Personal Transport:New Means Of Getting From A To B Are Disrupting Carmaking(6)

个人交通工具：从A到B的新手段正在冲击汽车制造业（6）

Small wonder carmakers want in. Many have done so by investing in the newcomers. In 2016 GM ploughed $500m into Lyft and Volkswagen put $300m in Gett, a European taxi-hailing app. Toyota has invested in Uber, Didi and Grab, a Singaporean ride-hailing company that is going public in a reverse merger valuing it at $40bn. GM has since sold its stake(at a healthy profit) but Toyota and Volkswagen have held on to theirs.

很自然，汽车制造企业也想加入。有些企业已经这么做了，他们向新兴企业进行了投资。在2016年，通用向来福车投资了5亿美元，大众给欧洲打车app——Gett，投资了3亿美元。丰田投资了优步、滴滴，还有新加坡网约车企业Grab，Grab正计划通过反向收购上市，目前估值约为400亿美元。通用后来出售了它的股份（并获利丰厚），不过丰田和大众都保留了它们的股份。

The car firms have also been competing with the challengers head on. It helps that many are already familiar with the principle of charging for use rather than ownership. In Britain more than 90% of cars use some form of financing. Arrangements where the customer pays a monthly sum over two to four years to offset depreciation are a lot like a long-term rental. It is not a huge leap from that to a subscription service. Hakan Samuelsson, boss of Volvo, thinks the shift from ownership to "usership" could be rapid.

汽车企业也在与挑战者展开正面竞争。这帮助了汽车企业对使用收费而不是拥有收费的原则更加熟悉。在英国，超过90%的汽车使用了某种形式的金融服务。顾客在2到4年内每月分期付款以抵消折旧的约定怎么看都更象一个长期租约。这与会员服务的区别并不太大。沃尔沃老总霍坎萨穆埃尔松认为，所有权向“使用权”的转变会非常迅速。

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